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Educational  Publication  No.  SS 


Division  of  Certification  No.  18 


REGULATIONS 


GOVERNING 


CERTIFICATES  FOR  TEACHERS 


IN 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


1925 


PREPARED  BY 

STATE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE 

STATE  SUPERINTENDENT  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION 

RALEIGH,  N.  C 


DIVISION  OF  CERTIFICATION 

James  E.  Hillman,  Director 

Miss  Marybelle  Delamar,  Assistant  Director. 

Miss  Mary  Wiggs,  Certificate  Clerk. 

Miss  Mexie  Herring,  Stenographer. 

Mrs.  Roy  Carter,  Stenographer. 

Miss  Emma  Ball,  Stenographer. 

Miss   Irene  Garnett,   Clerk. 

Miss  Helen  Snow,  File  Clerk. 


y 
n 


INTRODUCTION 


This  is  a  reprint  of  Educational  Bulletins  Nos.  29  and  76  Division  of 
Certification  Nos.  11  and  17,  Regulations  Governing  Certificates  for  Teach- 
ers in  North  Carolina,  under  dates  of  1921  and  1924.  Only  minor  changes 
have  been  made. 

Certain  changes,  however,  are  now  under  consideration.  Some  of  them 
are  indicated  below: 

(a)  To  require  a  minimum  of  twelve  semester  hours  of  professional  work, 
appropriate  to  the  certificate,  for  all  standard  certificates. 

(b)  To  issue  certificates  bearing  a  specialized  name  only  to  applicants 
who  can  show  a  minimum  of  two  years  of  specialized  training. 

(c)  To  issue  Elementary  Principals'  Certificates  in  three  Classes,  C,  B 
and  A.  The  C  Certificate  will  probably  be  based  on  graduation  from  a 
standard  two-year  normal,  experience,  and  one  additional  year  of  training. 

(d)  To  issue  Supervisors'  Certificates  in  two  classes,  B  and  A.  The  A 
Certificate  will  probably  embrace  a  full  year  of  graduate  work. 

(e)  To  issue  High  School  Teachers'  Certificates  with  subject  special- 
ization. 

(f)  To  issue  two  classes  of  High  School  Principals'  Certificates — Classes 
B  and  A.  The  A  Certificate  will  probably  embrace  a  full  year  of  graduate 
work. 

(g)  To  recognize  the  appropriate  graduate  work  on  all  certificates. 

(h)  To  require  within  a  few  years  a  full  year  of  normal  or  college  work 
to  raise  a  certificate  from  one  class  to  another,  whether  this  credit  is  ob- 
tained in  summer  or  regular  session;  or  by  extension  work. 

The  approved  summer  schools  are  now  offering  uniform  work  for  elemen- 
tary teachers,  differentiated  into  primary  and  grammar  grade  curricula.  On 
completion  of  these  curricula  the  State  Department  will  issue  Primary  or 
"Grammar  Grade  Certificates  in  Class  C.  These  curricula  represent  the 
joint  effort  of  the  directors  of  the  summer  schools  and  the  State  Department 
of  Education. 


State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 


(TV 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Sec. 


How  Certificates  Are  Issued 

(a)  Upon  Basis  of  Training 

(b)  Upon  Basis  of  Examination 

(c)  Certificates  Prom  Other  States 

How  to  Apply  for  Certificates.^ 

How  to  Renew  and  Raise  Certificates 

Definitions   and   Explanations 

Extension  and  Regular  Session  Credits 

Certificates  for  Administrative  and  Supervistory   Officers 

(a)  Superintendents   

(b)  Assistant  Superintendents   

(c)  High  School  Principals 

(d)  Elementary   School   Principals 

(e)  Supervisors    

Teachers'  Certificates  

(a)  High  School  Teachers 

(b)  Grammar   Grade  Teachers 

(c)  Primary  Teachers  . 

(d)  Elementary  Teachers  

(e)  Certificates  Below  Elementary 

Special  Certificates  

(a)  Requirements    

(b)  Relative  Value  of  Special  Certificates 

(c)  Certificates   for   Supervisors   and   Teachers   of  Adult 

Illiterates   

Raising  a  Teacher's  Certificate  of  Class  A  to  a  Higher  Class.... 
Suggested  Courses  for  Applicants 

(a)  High  School  Teachers 

(b)  Grammar  Grade  Teachers 

(c)  Primary  Teachers  

Professional    Credits    Accepted     for     One     Year's     Teaching 

Experience    j. 

Law  Governing  the  Revocation  of  Certificates 


I 

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XII 


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REGULATIONS  GOVERNING  CERTIFICATES 


Sec.  I.     HOW  CERTIFICATES  ARE  ISSUED 

(a)  Upon  the  Basis  of  Training. 

Certificates  are  issued  upon  college  or  normal  school  or  high  school 
training.  When  a  certificate  is  countersigned  by  the  superintendent 
under  whom  the  holder  applies  to  teach,  it  becomes  a  valid  certificate 
in  all  the  public  schools  of  the  State  for  the  work  specified  on  its  face. 

A  superintendent's  signature  on  a  certificate  indicates  that  the  holder 
is  of  good  moral  character  and  otherwise,  aside  from  scholarship, 
fitted  for  teaching. 

(I))  Upon  the  Basis  of  Examination. 

The  academic  credit  for  the  High  School  Teacher's  Certificate,  Class 
C,  may  be  obtained  not  only  by  training,  but  also  by  State  examination. 
This  is  the  only  certificate  valid  to  teach  in  the  high  school  for  which 
academic  credits  may  be  obtained  by  the  State  examination.  The 
professional  credit  is  not  allowed  by  examination,  but  must  be  secured 
in  summer  schools. 

The  academic  credit  for  the  Elementary  Teacher's  Certificate,  Class 
B,  may  be  obtained  not  only  by  training,  but  also  by  State  examination. 
This  is  the  only  certificate  valid  to  teach  in  the  elementary  school,  for 
which  academic  credit  may  be  obtained  by  State  examination.  The 
professional  credit  is  not  allowed  by  examination,  but  must  be  secured 
in   summer  schools. 

Only  one  examination  is  conducted  during  the  year.  This  examina- 
tion is  offered  in  the  county  seat  of  each  county  on  the  second  Tuesday 
of  each  year. 

(c)  Certificates  from  Other  States. 

Certificates  from  other  states  are  evaluated  in  terms  of  college  or 
normal  school  credits,  as  shown  on  a  certified  transcript,  and  not  on  the 
basis  of  out-of-state  certificates  alone.  The  value  of  the  credits  presented 
will  depend  upon  the  rating  of  the  institution  at  the  time  the  credits  were 
earned.  In  view  of  this,  before  accepting  a  teaching  position  in  this 
State,  an  applicant  should  present  the  record  of  her  training  so  that 
she  may  know  the  certificate  to  which  her  credit  will  entitle  her. 

It  should  be  understood  that  the  standards  maintained  in  institutions 
are  changing  constantly.  An  institution  that  now  has  an  A  rating  may 
not  have  been  an  A  institution  a  few  years  back.  Moreover,  there  are  a 
great  many  institutions  that  offer  a  four-year  curriculum  that,  because 
they  cannot  meet  all  requirements  for  a  standard  institution,  receive 
credit  for  only  one,  two  or  three  years  college  work. 


Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates 


Sec.  II.     HOW  TO  APPLY  FOR  CERTIFICATES 

(a)  A  high  school  graduate  without  college  training  should  write  this 
Department  for  an  application  blank  No.  1-a.  One  who  has  had  college 
or  normal  school  training  should  secure  from  this  office  an  application 
blank  No.  1-b.  After  the  personal  information  requested  on  the  first  page 
has  been  furnished,  the  blank  should  then  be  sent  to  the  institution  so 
that  an  official  record  of  the  training  may  be  inserted.  Under  the  regula- 
tions, transcripts  which  come  direct  from  the  applicant  will  receive  no 
consideration  until  verified  by  the  proper  school  official;  therefore,  the  ap- 
plicant should  request  the  institution  to  send  the  blank  direct  to  this  office. 

(b)  When  an  applicant  has  attended  more  than  one  institution  of  higher 
learning  the  institution  last  attended  should  have  on  file  a  complete  record 
of  all  credits.  The  application  blank  No.  1-b  should  be  sent  to  the  insti- 
tution last  attended  with  the  request  that  a  complete  record  of  all  the 
credits  be  sent  to  this  office. 

(c)  If  summer  school  credit  has  been  received  in  other  states,  the  ap- 
plicant should  request  the  institution  to  send  to  this  office  the  record  of 
such  credit.  Summer  school  credits  earned  in  an  institution  in  North 
Carolina  will  be  forwarded  to  this  office  if  the  applicant  in  her  registra- 
tion fills  out  the  summer  school  card  furnished  by  this  Department. 

Sec.  III.    HOW  TO  RENEW  AND  RAISE  CERTIFICATES 

Except  for  Primary  and  Grammar  Grade  Certificates  issued  on  the  basis 
of  graduation  from  standard  normals,  the  difference  between  a  standard 
certificate  and  one  of  the  next  higher  class  is  a  year  of  college  credit.  (See 
Section  7-b  and  Section  7-c.)  However,  certificates  may  be  raised  to  the 
next  higher  class  if  the  holder  secures  credits  for  four  summer  school  units 
as  indicated  under  Note  3  on  page  11.  Special  attention  is  called  to  the 
requirements  for  any  particular  certificate. 

When  a  summer  school  unit  is  used  for  renewing  a  certificate,  it  is  also 
allowed  as  one  unit  toward  raising  the  certificate  to  the  next  higher  class. 

When  a  summer  school  unit  is  used  for  original  professional  credit  for 
an  Elementary  Certificate  in  Class  B,  it  cannot  be  used  toward  raising  the 
Class  B  Certificate  to  the  next  higher  class. 

If  an  applicant  has  thirty,  sixty,  or  ninety  semester  hours  of  college 
credit,  but  lacks  the  professional  requirements  for  the  certificate,  the  sum- 
mer school  unit  or  units  necessary  to  meet  the  professional  requirements 
may  be  counted  toward  raising  the  certificate  to  the  next  higher  class.  If 
an  applicant  has  less  than  the  thirty,  sixty  or  ninety  semester  hours  neces- 
sary for  the  particular  certificate,  the  summer  school  unit  or  units  are 
absorbed  in  the  issuance  of  the  certificate,  and  are  not  allowed  toward 
raising  to  the  next  higher  class. 


Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates 


Sec.  IV.     DEFINITIONS  AND  EXPLANATIONS 

Certain  terms  are  used  in  this  certification  plan  with  the  following 
meanings: 

(a)  By  Standard  High  School  is  meant  a  high  school  meeting  the  require- 
ments of  the  State  for  standard  high  schools.  A  list  of  standard  or  ac- 
credited schools  may  be  secured  from  the  State  High  School  Inspector. 

(b)  By  Standard  Normal  School  is  meant  a  normal  school  admitting 
graduates  from  standard  high  schools  only,  as  defined  above,  and  requiring 
for  graduation  an  approved  two-year  course. 

(c)  By  "A"  College  is  meant  a  college  requiring  for  admission  graduation 
from  a  standard  high  school  as  defined  above,  and  requiring  for  graduation 
approximately  120  semester  hours. 

All  institutions  that  are  members  of  any  properly  authorized  accrediting 
association,  such  as  the  Southern  Association  of  Secondary  Schools  and 
Colleges,  meet  the  requirements  of  an  "A"  College.  The  rating  which  this 
Department  allows  for  an  institution  not  a  member  of  one  of  these  associa- 
tions will  be  furnished  upon  request. 

(d)  A  semester  is  one-half  year's  work  in  college.  A  semester  hour  is  one 
hour's  work  a  week  for  a  half  year.  A  subject  pursued  three  hours  a  week 
in  college  for  a  half  year  would  mean  three  semester  hours,  or  for  the 
entire  year  six  semester  hours.  Thirty  semester  hours  is  one  year's  work 
or  five  courses  carried  three  hours  a  week  through  the  year. 

In  those  institutions  where  the  unit  of  work  is  a  quarter  hour,  the  equiv- 
alent in  semester  hours  credit  may  be  obtained  by  multiplying  the  quarter 
hours'  credit  by  two-thirds;  in  those  institutions  where  the  college  hour  is 
the  unit  of  work,  the  equivalent  in  semester  hours  may  be  obtained  by 
multiplying  by  two  the  total  credit  in  college  hours. 

(e)  One  unit  of  summer  school  work  in  an  approved  normal  school  or 
college  means  a  minimum  of  three  five-hour  courses  during  the  summer 
school  of  six  weeks.  One  five-hour  course  is  one  summer  school  period  of 
work  taken  each  day  for  five  days  per  week  during  the  summer  school. 
However,  if  the  course  is  on  a  laboratory  basis  and  carries  one-half  credit, 
it  will  be  necessary  to  have  two  such  courses  for  the  equivalent  of  one 
full  course. 

Uniform  curricula  have  been  prepared  by  which  graduates  of  accredited 
high  schools  may  secure  the  Elementary  B,  Elementary  A,  and  Primary 
and  Grammar  Grade  C  Certificates.  These  curricula  are  given  in  all  the 
approved  summer  schools  of  this  State,  except  the  N.  C.  State  College  of 
Agriculture  and  Engineering.  A  summer  school  unit  of  such  work  is  a 
minimum  of  seven  semester  hours. 

(f)  By  Academic  Requirements  is  meant  the  subject-matter  or  content 
work  other  than  professional  subjects  studied  in  high  school,  college  or 
summer  school. 

(g)  By  Professional  Requirements  is  meant  certain  credits  in  the  study 
of  psychology  and  the  theory  and  practice  of  education,  under  the  head  of 
general  and  special  methods  of  teaching. 


8  Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates 

(h)  By  Validity  of  Certificates  is  meant  that  all  regular  and  special  cer- 
tificates are  valid  for  a  stated  number  of  years — five  years  or  three  years 
or  one  year. 

(i)  The  validity  of  a  certificate  begins  with  the  date  when  the  credits 
were  earned:  A  1925  graduate  of  a  standard  institution  with  eighteen  sem- 
ester hours  in  education  would  be  issued  a  Class  A  Certificate  valid  for 
five  years  from  July  1,  1925;  a  1923  graduate  of  the  same  institution  with 
eighteen  semester  hours  in  education  would  be  issued  a  three-year  cer- 
tificate from  1925;  since  her  certificate  would  expire  in  1925,  a  1920  grad- 
uate would  not  be  entitled  to  a  Class  A  Certificate  in  1925  without  meet- 
ing the  renewal  requirements.  Six  semester  hours  of  summer  school  work 
earned  within  the  five-year  period  will  meet  the  renewal  requirements  for 
a  High  School,  Primary  or  Grammar  Grade  Certificate,  or  for  the  High 
School  Principals',  Elementary  School  Principals'  or  Supervisors'  Certifi- 
cate, provided  the  original  requirements  for  such  certificate  have  been  met. 
Since  the  Elementary  Certificate  is  valid  for  only  three  years,  the  original 
credit  or  renewal  credit  for  this  certificate  must  have  been  secured  within 
the  three-year  period. 

(j)  An  A.B.  or  B.S.  degree  from  a  standard  institution  in  terms  of  credit 
allowed  is  indicated  on  the  back  of  the  certificate  as  120  semester  hours; 
an  A.M.  degree  is  150  semester  hours. 

(k)  If  a  transcript  is  forwarded  to  the  office  direct  by  the  applicant,  it 
will  be  sent  to  the  institution  for  verification. 

(1)  Certificates  are  not  issued  upon  presentation  of  diplomas  to  this 
office.  An  applicant  should  ask  this  office  for  a  blank  to  be  used  in  report- 
ing his  or  her  credit. 

(m)  All  records  sent  to  this  office  for  purposes  of  aiding  in  the  securing 
of  a  certificate  become  the  property  of  the  State  Board,  are  made  a  part 
of  the  permanent  files,  and  cannot  be  returned. 

(n)  When  credit  has  been  obtained  for  the  renewal  of  a  certificate,  the 
holder  may  have  the  expiration  date  extended  by  sending  the  certificate 
to  the  office.  It  is  not  necessary  to  wait  until  the  expiration  date  of  the 
certificate. 

(o)  A  duplicate  certificate  is  issued  only  when  the  teacher  makes  formal 
application.     The  proper  blank  will  be  sent  upon  request. 

(p)  A  teacher  whose  certificate  was  issued  in  her  maiden  name  may 
secure  a  certificate  issued  in  her  married  name  by  making  formal  applica- 
tion.    The  proper  blank  will  be  sent  upon  request. 

(q)  In  writing  to  the  Department  a  teacher  should  give  her  name  and 
serial  number  as  they  appear  on  the  certificate. 

(r)  One  cannot  secure  credit  for  the  equivalent  of  four  summer  school 
units  by  attending  three  summer  schools  and  taking  an  extra  course  in 
each  summer  school.  Neither  can  an  extra  course  taken  in  summer  school 
be  added  to  extension  work  to  make  the  equivalent  of  a  summer  school  unit. 


Kegulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates  9 

Sec.  V.     EXTENSION  AND  REGULAR  SESSION  CREDITS 

1.  All  extension  courses  must  be  a  part  of  the  regular  curriculum,  or 
courses  approved  by  the  State  Department  of  Education. 

(a)  Students  to  take  this  work  and  receive  certificate  credit  must 
meet  entrance  requirements  of  the  institution  concerned,  or  be  holders 
of  a  standard   State   certificate. 

(b)  Credit  for  this  work  is  limited  to  the  rating  which  the  institu- 
tion has.  For  example:  If  graduation  from  an  institution  entitles  a 
student  to  a  Grammar  Grade  or  Primary  B  Certificate,  credit  would 
not  be  allowed  toward  a  certificate  higher  than  that. 

(c)  The  equivalent  of  a  summer  school  unit  in  terms  of  extension 
credit  is  a  minimum  of  seven  and  one-half  semester  hours,  but  should 
be  one-fourth  of  a  year's  work  from  the  respective  institution.  If  the 
institution  regards  thirty-two  semester  hours  as  a  year's  work,  then 
eight  semester  hours  would  be  a  summer  school  unit. 

Note.  Applicants  who  began  a  summer  school  unit  by  extension  before  October  1, 
1924,  will  be  allowed  credit  for  a  full  unit  when  they  complete  six  semester  hours.  For 
each  other  unit  a  minimum  of  seven  and  one-half  semester  hours  will  be  required.  Ap- 
plicants who  secured  credit  for  a  full  summer  school  unit  by  extension  before  October  1, 
1924,  will  be  allowed  a  summer  school  unit  for  each  six  semester  hours  of  such  work 
until  the  certificate  has  been  raised  one  class. 

(d)  Four-year  institutions  with  a  B  or  three-year  rating  must  add 
one-fourth  to  the  requirement  in  (c)  above.  Four-year  schools  with 
two-year  rating  should  have  a  minimum  of  fifteen  hours. 

2.  The  equivalent  of  a  summer  school  unit  of  work  in  residence  during 
the  academic  year  of  any  approved  institution  must  likewise  represent  one- 
fourth  of  a  year  in  the  respective  institution,  with  the  minimum  of  seven 
and  one-half  semester  hours  in  a  standard  institution.  The  minimum  re- 
quirement is  a  quarter's  continuous  work. 

3.  Extension  work,  taken  for  purposes  of  certification,  will  be  reported 
to  the  Department  of  Education  at  the  close  of  the  academic  year  in  which 
the  work  was  pursued.  .  Unless  the  work  is  completed  before  October  1, 
credit  will  not  be  allowed  as  of  the  July  preceding,  but  will  be  carried  for- 
ward to  the  July  next  succeeding. 

4.  Students  should  not  send  their  reports  to  this  office  as  we  can  accept 
credits  only  when  they  are  reported  on  forms  provided  by  the  Department 
and  when  they  come  direct  from  the  institution. 

Note.  Extension  credits  include  those  earned  through  extension  class  teaching  and 
correspondence    instruction. 

Sec.  YI.     CERTIFICATES   FOR   ADMINISTRATIVE   AND    SUPERVISORY 

OFFICERS 

The  following  certificates  for  administrative  and  supervisory  officers  are 
issued  by  the   State  Department  of  Education: 

(a)  Superintendents 

(b)  Assistant   Superintendents 

(c)  High  School  Principals 

(d)  Elementary  School  Principals 

(e)  Supervisors 


10  Kegulations  Governing  Teacheks'  Certificates 

The  requirements  for  each  certificate  are  given  below,  and  all  applicants 
for  certificates  of  either  kind  contained  herein  must  present  the  credits 
specified.     (Also  see  Sec.  IV-i.) 

(a)   Superintendent's  Certificate 
Eequirements  for  Issuance.    Applicants  for  this  certificate  must  present 
the  following  minimum  credits: 

1.  Graduation  from  standard  A-grade  college  in  academic  or  scien- 
tific courses,  including  eighteen  semester  hours  of  professional  credits 
or  credits  required  for  High  School  Certificate  A,  or  Grammar  Grade 
Certificate  A,  or  Primary  Certificate  A. 

2.  Five  years  experience  as  principal,  supervisor  or  teacher,  and  at 
least  three  of  the  five  years  must  have  been  within  the  past  five  years. 
If  an  applicant  holding  High  School  Principal's  Certificate  has  had 
three  years  experience  as  a  principal  within  the  previous  five-year 
period,  this  will  be  accepted  in  lieu  of  five  years  experience  as  teacher. 

3.  In  addition  to  the  above  requirements  the  applicant  must  have 
secured  credit  from  two  approved  summer  schools,  or  the  equivalent 
in  college  credits,  specializing  in  administration  and  supervision.  Credit 
for  six  semester  hours  of  the  summer  school  work  must  have  been 
earned  within  the  five-year  period. 

Made  Valid  for  Life.  This  certificate  is  valid  for  five  years.  After  five 
years  successful  experience  as  superintendent  of  a  city  or  county  system  it 
will  be  made  valid  for  life  and  can  then  be  revoked  only  for  cause. 

Provisional  Superintendent's  Certificate.  The  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction  is  authorized  to  issue  a  Provisional  Superintendent's 
Certificate,  valid  for  two  years,  to  an  applicant  who  holds  or  presents  the 
credits  required  for  the  High  School  Principal's  Certificate.  This  certifi- 
cate will  not  be  issued  unless  the  applicant  is  serving  as  superintendent  of 
a  city  or  county  school   system. 

(b)   Assistant  Superintendent's  Certificate 

The  requirements  for  the  Assistant  Superintendent's  Certificate  are  the 
same  as  those  for  the  Superintendent's  Certificate  with  these  exceptions: 
(1)  The  applicant  may  present  credits  for  one  approved  summer  school 
instead  of  two,  and  (2)  three  years  of  teaching  experience  instead  of  five. 

(c)  High  School  Principal's  Certificate 

Eequirements  for  Issuance.  Applicants  for  this  certificate  must  present 
the  following  minimum  credits: 

1.  Graduation  from  standard  A-grade  college  in  the  academic  or 
scientific  courses,  including  eighteen  semester  hours  of  professional 
credits,  or  credits  required  for  High  School  Certificate  A. 

2.  Three  years  experience  in  teaching  within  the  past  five  years. 

3.  In  addition  to  the  above  requirements  the  applicant  must  present 
at  least  one  unit  of  credits  from  an  approved  summer  school  or  the 
equivalent  in  college  credits  showing  specialization  in  School  Admin- 
istration and  Supervision. 


Kegulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates  11 

Made  Valid  for  Life.  This  certificate  is  valid  for  five  years,  and  after 
five  years  successful  experience  as  principal  it  will  be  made  valid  for  life 
upon  securing  credit  for  three  five-hour  courses  in  an  approved  summer 
school  or  its  equivalent  in  college  credits  specializing  in  Administration 
and  Supervision. 

Provisional  High  School  Principal's  Certificate.  The  State  Superinten- 
dent of  Public  Instruction  is  authorized  to  issue  a  Provisional  High  School 
Principal's  Certificate,  valid  for  two  years,  to  an  applicant  who  holds  or 
is  entitled  to  hold,  a  Higr  School  Teacher's  Certificate,  Class  A,  and  who 
has  had  one  year's  experience  in  teaching  within  the  past  five  years.  This 
certificate  may  be  converted  into  a  High  School  Principal's  Certificate 
whenever  the  requirements  for  that  certificate  have  been  met.  This  certifi- 
cate will  not  be  issued  except  when  the  applicant  serves  as  principal  of  a 
standard  high  school. 

Note.  The  High  School  Teacher's  Certificate  in  Class  A  rates  the  same  as  a  High  School 
Principal's  Certificate  or  the  High  School  Principal's  Provisional  Certificate  unless  the 
holder  is   serving  as  principal   of  an   accredited  high   school. 

(d)   Elementary  School  Principal  and  Supervisor's  Certificate 
Requirements  for  Issuance.    Applicants  for  the  Elementary  School  Prin- 
cipal's Certificate  must  meet  the  following  minimum  requirements: 

1.  Graduation  from  standard  A-grade  college  in  the  academic  or 
scientific  courses,  including  eighteen  semester  hours  of  professional 
credits,  or  credits  required  for  Grammar  Grade  A  or  Primary  A  Cer- 
tificates. 

2.  Three  years  experience  in  teaching  within  the  past  five  years. 

3.  In  addition  to  the  above  requirements  the  applicant  must  present 
at  least  one  unit  of  credit  from  an  approved  summer  school  or  the 
equivalent  in  college  credits,  showing  specialization  in  Administration 
and  Supervision  of  the  Elementary  School. 

Made  Valid  for  Life.  This  certificate  is  valid  for  five  years,  and  after 
five  years  successful  experience  as  principal  it  will  be  made  valid  for  life 
upon  securing  credit  for  three  five-hour  courses  in  an  approved  summer 
school  or  the  equivalent  of  the  college  credit  specializing  in  City  or  Rural 
School  Administration  and  Supervision. 

Provisional  Elementary  School  Principal.  The  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction  is  authorized  to  issue  a  Provisional  Elementary  School 
Principal's  Certificate,  valid  for  two  years,  to  an  applicant  who  holds  a 
Grammar  Grade  of  Primary  Teacher's  Certificate,  Class  A,  and  has  had  one 
year's  experience  in  teaching.  This  certificate  may  be  converted  into  the 
Elementary  School  Principal's  Certificate  whenever  the  requirements  of 
that  certificate  are  met. 

(e)   Supervisor's  Certificate 

The  requirements  for  the  Supervisor's  Certificate  are  the  same  as  those 
for  the  Elementary  School  Principal's  Certificate.  However,  the  State 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  may  require  of  applicants  desiring  to 
become  supervisors  of  rural  schools  a  specialization  in  Rural  School  Super- 
vision, and  those  desiring  to  become  elementary  supervisors  in  city  schools 
a  specialization  in  City  School  Supervision. 


12  Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates 


Sec.  VII.    TEACHERS'  CERTIFICATES 

The  following  teachers'  certificates  are  issued: 

(a)  High  School,  Classes  A,  B  and  C 

(b)  Grammar  Grade,  Classes  A,  B  and  C 

(c)  Primary,  Classes  A,  B  and  C 

(d)  Elementary,  Classes  A,  B  and  Provisional  Elementary 

,(e)   Certificates  of  nonstandard  grade,  One-Year  Temporary   and 
Provisionals  A  and  B 

Each  standard  teacher's  certificate  is  divided  into  three  classes,  of  which 
Class  A  is  the  highest  and  represents  the  highest  academic  and  professional 
training  required  for  that  certificate.  The  difference,  as  a  rule,  between 
Class  A  and  Class  B,  or  between  Class  B  and  Class  C,  is  one  year  of  stand- 
ard college  work.  However,  an  applicant  having  the  academic  credits  for 
one  class  of  certificate  but  failing  to  present  the  professional  credit  for  that 
class  will  be  issued  the  certificate  of  the  next  lower  class. 

Note  1.  An  applicant  securing  a  certificate  of  a  lower  class  because  of  failure  to  pre- 
sent the  proper  professional  credits,  may  secure  the  higher  certificate  whenever  the  pro- 
fessional  requirements   have   been   met. 

Note  2.  If  an  applicant  fails  to  secure  the  proper  professional  credits  in  college  they 
may   be  secured   in  an  approved  summer  school. 

Note  3.  Except  for  those  teachers  who  hold  Primary  or  Grammar  Grade  Certificates  in 
Class  B  issued  upon  the  basis  of  graduation  from  a  standard  two-year  normal  school, 
credits  for  four  approved  summer  schools  of  six  weeks  each  will  be  accepted  as  the  equiv- 
alent of  one  year  of  college  work  and  will  serve  to  raise  the  certificate  from  Class  C  to 
Class  B  and  from  Class  B  to  Class  A,  under  the  following  conditions: 

At  least  one-half  of  the  credits  of  four  summer  schools  shall  be  secured  from  those  ac- 
ademic subjects  that  serve  to  broaden  one's  culture  which  will  be  accepted  by  the  institu- 
tion in  part  fulfillment  for  graduation.  The  power  of  the  teacher  to  instruct  should  be 
increased  through  the  acquisition  of  sound  scholarship.  If  the  summer  school  or  profes- 
sional credits  secured  should  be  confined  only  to  the  field  of  methods  or  the  strictly  pro- 
fessional courses,  a  certificate  might  be  raised  without  sufficiently  increasing  the  teacher's 
culture. 

Note  4.  In  order  to  encourage  teachers  to  pursue  advanced  work,  extra  credit  will  be 
allowed  for  the  Master's  degree.  An  applicant  presenting  credit  both  for  the  Bachelor's 
and  Master's  degrees  will  be  issued  the  certificate  of  Class  A,  although  the  professional 
credits  may  be  below  the  requirements.  But  if  the  Master's  degree  is  presented,  together 
with  the  required  professional  credits,  the  applicant  will  rate  as  having  one  extra  year's 
experience  in  teaching.      (See  Sec.  IV-i.) 

(a)  High  School  Teacher's  Certificate 

All  High  School  Teachers'  Certificates  issued  under  these  rules  and 
regulations  are  valid  for  five  years  and  will  be  renewed  when  the  holder 
meets  the  renewal  requirements. 

Classes  of  High  School  Teachers'  Certificates  and  Requirements 
for  Issuance 

1.  Class  A.  Graduation  from  a  standard  A  grade  college  in  academic  or 
scientific  courses,  embracing  120  semester  hours,  at  least  18  of  which  shall 
be  in  the  professional  subjects. 

If  a  graduate  presents  120  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credit  but 
fails  to  present  18  semester  hours  of  professional  credit,  certificate  of  Class 
B  will  be  issued. 

2.  Class  B.  Credits  for  three  years  of  standard  college  work  in  academic 
or  scientific  courses,  embracing  90  or  more  semester  hours,  at  least  12  of 
which  shall  be  in  professional  subjects. 


Kegueations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates  13 

If  an  applicant  presents  90  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credits 
but  fails  to  present  12  semester  hours  of  professional  credits,  certificate 
of  Class  C  will  be  issued. 

3.  Class  C.  Credits  for  two  years  of  standard  college  work,  embracing 
not  less  than  60  semester  hours  in  academic  or  scientific  courses,  at  least 
six  of  which  shall  be  in  the  professional  subjects.  General  Psychology  will 
not  be  accepted  as  part  of  the  professional  credit. 

Note.  The  academic  credits  for  this  certificate  may  be  secured  also  by  State  examina- 
tion. The  examination  will  be  based  on  high  school  and  the  first  two  years  of  college  subjects 
in  about  equal  proportions. 

If  any  applicant  presents  60  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credits, 
or  secures  the  equivalent  by  State  examination,  but  fails  to  present  six 
semester  hours  of  professional  credits,  the  Provisional  High  School  Teach- 
er's Certificate  will  be  issued.  An  applicant  cannot  secure  the  professional 
credits  by  examination. 

Made  Valid  for  Life.  The  High  School  Teacher's  Certificate,  Class  A, 
will  be  made  valid  for  life  at  the  first  or  any  subsequent  renewal  period 
when  the  applicant  presents  satisfactory  evidence  of: 

1.  Successful  teaching  experience  of  not  less  than  five  years  after 
having  secured  the  credits  for  this  certificate. 

2.  Credits  from  one  approved  summer  school  or  the  equivalent  col- 
lege credits  specializing  in  High  School  Methods  and  Supervision. 

Renewal  of  Certificates.  Certificates  of  Classes  A,  B  and  C  must  either 
be  raised  or  renewed  on  or  before  the  expiration  of  the  five-year  period. 
A  certificate  will  be  renewed  when  the  applicant  presents  satisfactory  evi- 
dence of  credits  in  the  high  school  field  for  one  approved  summer  school  or 
the  equivalent  credits  from  some  standard  college. 

If  the  applicant  fails  to  present  the  proper  credits  for  renewal  a  certifi- 
cate of  the  next  lower  class  will  be  issued. 

(b)   Grammar  Grade  Teacher's  Certificate 

All  Grammar  Grade  Teachers'  Certificates  issued  under  these  rules  and 
regulations  are  valid  for  five  years  and  will  be  renewed  when  the  holder 
presents  the  proper  renewal  credits. 

Classes  of  Grammar  Grade  Teachers'  Certificates  and  Requirements 

for  Issuance 

1.  Class  A.  Graduation  from  a  standard  A  grade  college  in  academic 
or  scientific  courses,  embracing  120  semester  hours,  at  least  18  of  which 
shall  be  in  professional  subjects. 

If  a  graduate  presents  120  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credits 
but  fails  to  present  18  semester  hours  of  professional  credit,  certificate  of 
Class  B  will  be  issued. 

2.  Class  B.  Credits  for  three  years  of  standard  college  work  in  academic 
or  scientific  courses,  embracing  90  or  more  semester  hours,  at  least  12  of 
which  shall  be  in  professional  subjects. 

If  an  applicant  presents  90  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credits  but 
fails  to  present  12  semester  hours  of  professional  credits,  certificate  of 
Class  C  will  be  issued. 


14  Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates 

The  Class  B  certificate  will  also  be  issued  to  graduates  of  standard 
normal  schools  requiring  two  years  of  work  beyond  graduation  from  a 
standard  high  school.  But  this  certificate  cannot  be  raised  to  the  A  Class 
until  the  holder  has  presented  two  years  of  additional  college  or  normal 
school  credit  or  the  equivalent  in  summer  school  units. 

Some  normal  schools  have  curricula  that  do  not  carry  credit  for  a  Pri- 
mary or  Grammar  Grade  B  Certificate.  Graduates  from  those  curricula 
will  be  given  the  High  School  or  the  Special  Certificate  in  Class  C  provided 
the  requirements  for  such  certificates  have  been  met. 

3.  Class  C.  Credit  for  two  years  of  standard  college  work,  embracing 
60  or  more  semester  hours  of  college  credit,  not  less  than  six  of  which 
shall  be  in  professional  subjects.  General  Psychology  will  not  be  accepted 
as  part  of  the  professional  credit. 

If  an  applicant  presents  60  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credit, 
but  fails  to  present  six  semester  hours  of  professional  credits,  the  Pro- 
visional Grammar  Grade  Certificate  will  be  issued. 

Made  Yalid  for  Life.  The  Grammar  Grade  Teacher's  Certificate,  Class  A, 
will  become  valid  for  life  at  the  first  of  any  subsequent  renewal  period 
when  applicant  presents   satisfactory   evidence  of: 

1.  Successful  teaching  experience  of  not  less  than  five  years  after 
having  secured  the  credits  for  this  certificate. 

2.  Credits  from  one  approved  summer  school  or  the  equivalent  credits 
specializing  in  Grammar  Grade  Methods  and  Supervision. 

Renewal  of  Certificates.  Certificates  of  Classes  A,  B  and  C  must  either 
be  raised  or  renewed  on  or  before  the  expiration  of  the  five-year  period. 
A  certificate  will  be  renewed  when  the  applicant  secures  credits  for  one 
approved  summer  school  or  the  equivalent  credits  from  some  standard 
college. 

If  the  applicant  fails  to  present  the  proper  credits  for  renewal,  a  certifi- 
cate of  the  next  lower  class  will  be  issued. 

(c)  Primary  Teacher's  Certificate 

All  Primary  Teachers'  Certificates  issued  under  these  rules  and  regula- 
tions are  valid  for  five  years  and  will  be  renewed  when  the  holder  presents 
the  proper  renewal  credits. 

Classes  of  Primary  Teachers'  Certificates  and  Requirements  for  Issuance 

1.  Class  A.  Graduation  from  a  standard  A  grade  college  in  academic  or 
scientific  courses,  embracing  120  semester  hours,  at  least  18  of  which  shall 
be  in  professional  subjects. 

If  a  graduate  presents  120  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credits 
but  fails  to  present  18  semester  hours  of  professional  credit,  certificate  of 
Class  B  will  be  issued. 

2.  Class  B.  Credits  for  three  years  of  standard  college  work  in  academic 
or  scientific  courses,  embracing  90  or  more  semester  hours,  at  least  12  of 
which  shall  be  in  the  professional  subjects. 

If  an  applicant  presents  90  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credits 
but  fails  to  present  12  semester  hours  of  professional  credits,  certificate  of 
Class  C  will  be  issued. 


Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates  15 

The  Class  B  certificate  will  also  be  issued  to  graduates  of  standard  nor- 
mal schools  requiring  two  years  of  work  beyond  graduation  from 
a  standard  high  school.  But  this  certificate  cannot  be  raised  to  the  A  Class 
until  the  holder  has  presented  two  years  of  additional  college  or  normal 
school  credit  or  the  equivalent  in  summer  school  units. 

Some  normal  schools  have  curricula  that  do  not  carry  credit  for  a  Pri- 
mary or  Grammar  Grade  B  Certificate.  Graduates  from  those  curricula 
will  be  given  the  High  School  or  the  Special  Certificate  in  Class  C,  provided 
the  requirements  for  such  certificates  have  been  met. 

3.  Class  C.  Credits  for  two  years  of  standard  college  work  in  academic 
or  scientific  courses  embracing  60  or  more  semester  hours  of  college  credits, 
not  less  than  six  of  which  shall  be  in  professional  subjects.  General 
Psychology  will  not  be  accepted  as  part  of  the  professional  credit. 

If  an  applicant  presents  60  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credits, 
but  fails  to  present  six  semester  hours  of  professional  credits,  the  Provisional 
Primary  Certificate  will  be  issued. 

Made  Valid  for  Life.  The  Primary  Teacher's  Certificate,  Class  A,  will 
become  valid  for  life  at  the  first  or  any  subsequent  renewal  period  when 
the  applicant  presents  satisfactory  evidence  of: 

1.  Successful  teaching  experience  of  not  less  than  five  years  after 
having  secured  credits  for  this  certificate. 

2.  Credits  from  one  approved  summer  school  or  the  equivalent  credits 
specializing  in  Primary  Methods  and  Supervision. 

Requirements"  for  Renewal.  Certificates  of  Classes  A,  B  and  C  must  either 
be  raised  or  renewed  on  or  before  the  expiration  of  the  five-year  period. 
A  certificate  will  be  renewed  when  the  applicant  secures  credits  for  one 
approved  summer  school  or  the  equivalent  academic  credits  from  some 
standard  college. 

If  the  applicant  fails  to  present  the  proper  credits  for  renewal  a  certifi- 
cate of  the  next  lower  class  will  be  issued. 

(d)  Elementary  Teacher's  Certificate 

All  Elementary  Teachers'  Certificates  issued  under  these  rules  and  regu- 
lations are  valid  for  three  years,  and  will  be  renewed  at  their  expiration 
when  the  holder  presents  the  proper  renewal  credits. 

Classes  of  Elementary  Teachers'  Certificates  and  Requirements  for 

Issuance 
1.  Class  A.     This  certificate  may  be  obtained  in  either  of  the  following 
ways: 

(a)  Credits  for  one  year  of  standard  college  work  in  academic  or 
scientific  courses,  embracing  30  semester  hours,  six  of  which  shall  be 
in  professional  subjects.  General  Psychology  will  not  be  accepted  as 
part  of  the  professional  credit. 

(b)  One  year's  standard  normal  school  credits,  consisting  of  the 
first  year's  work  of  a  two-year  normal  course. 

Graduates  of  accredited  high  schools  who  have  secured  additional  credit 
for  one  year's  work  in  the  approved  teacher  training  departments  of  the 
high  schools   of  the   State. 


16  Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates 

If  an  applicant  presents  30  semester  hours  of  standard  college  credit 
but  fails  to  present  six  semester  hours  of  professional  credits,  certificate 
of  Class  B  will  be  issued. 

2.  Class  B.  Graduation  from  a  standard  high  school,  embracing  not  less 
than  15  units  of  high  school  work. 

In  addition  to  this  requirement,  the  applicant  must  present  credit  for 
two  units  of  summer  school  work. 

Note  1.  The  academic  credits  for  the  Elementary  B  Certificate  may  be  secured  by  State 
examination,  but  the  professional  credits  must  be  secured  in  a  summer  school.  The  ex- 
aminations will  be  based  on  both  high  school  and  elementary  school  subjects  in  about 
equal  proportions. 

Note  2.  Original  professional  credit  for  the  Elementary  Certificate  in  Class  A  cannot 
be   obtained   in  a   county  summer   school. 

Note  3.  Applicants  who  have  completed  the  work  in  approved  teacher-training  depart- 
ments of  the  high  schools  of  the  State,  and  who  had  a  minimum  of  twelve  units  of  high 
school  credit  before  entering  upon  that  work,  will  be  issued  the  Elementary  Certificate  in 
Class   B. 

Requirements  for  Renewal.  Certificates  of  Classes  A  and  B  must  either 
be  raised  or  -renewed  on  or  before  the  expiration  of  the  three-year  period. 
A  certificate  will  be  renewed  when  the  applicant  secures  credits  for  one 
summer  school  or  the  equivalent  credits  from  some  standard  college. 

If  the  applicant  fails  to  present  the  proper  credits  for  renewal,  certificate 
of  the  next  lower  class  will  be  issued. 

Provisional  Elementary  Teacher's  Certificate.  Applicants  presenting  the 
academic  credits  for  an  Elementary  Teacher's  Certificate,  Class  B,  but  not 
presenting  the  professional  credits,  may  be  issued  the  Provisional  Elemen- 
tary Teacher's  Certificate,  valid  for  one  year. 

(e)    Certificates  Below  the  Elementary 

The  following  certificates,  based  on  county  summer  school  credit,  will 
be  issued: 

One-Year  Temporary 

Provisional  A 

Provisional  B 
For  further  information  see  County  Summer   School   Manual. 

Sec.  VIII.    SPECIAL  CERTIFICATES 

Special  Certificates,  valid  for  five  years  and  renewable  for  five-year 
periods,  will  be  issued  to  applicants  desiring  to  give  special  instruction  in 
the   following   subjects: 

Home  Economics  Agriculture 

Music  Physical  Training 

Drawing  or  Art  Manual  Training 

Commercial  Branches 

A  special  certificate  to  teach  either  of  the  above  branches  does  not  entitle 
the  holder  to  teach  any  branch  except  the  one  specified  in  the  certificate. 

Three  classes  of  special  certificates,  A,  B  and  C,  will  be  issued.  The 
basis  of  issuance  is  given  below. 


Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates  17 


(a)  Requirements 

Special  Certificate,  Class  A.  Graduates  of  standard  colleges  must  offer 
at  least  120  semester  hours  of  college  work,  distributed  approximately  as 
follows: 

1.  Sixty  or  more  semester  hours  in  the  special  subject  in  which 
certificate  is  desired  and  in  such  subjects  as  are  strictly  supplementary 
thereto.  At  least  six  semester  hours  shall  be  presented  in  methods  of 
instruction  in  the  special  subjects,  including  practice  teaching. 

Beginning  with  1925  the  applicant  should  offer  at  least  18  hours  of 
professional  work,  six  of  which  must  be  in  the  methods  in  the  special 
subject,   including   practice   teaching. 

2.  The  remaining  credit  may  be  offered  in  general  professional  and 
academic  work. 

Made  Valid  for  Life.  At  the  first  or  any  subsequent  renewal  period  this 
certificate  may  be  made  valid  for  life  by  presenting  satisfactory  evidence  of: 

1.  Successful  experience  of  at  least  five  years. 

2.  Credits  for  one  summer  school  or  the  equivalent  college  credits 
specializing  in  the  subject  named  in  the  certificate. 

Special  Certificate,  Class  B.  Applicants  must  present  credit  for  at  least 
90  semester  hours  standard  college  work,  distributed  approximately  as 
follows: 

1.  Forty-five  or  more  semester  hours  in  the  special  subject  in  which 
certificate  is  desired  and  in  such  subjects  as  are  strictly  supplementary 
thereto.  Six  of  these  shall  be  in  methods  of  instruction  in  the  special 
subject  or  subjects,  including  practice  teaching. 

Beginning  with  1925  the  applicant  should  offer  at  least  12  hours  of 
professional  work,  six  of  which  must  be  in  the  methods  in  the  special 
subject,  including  practice  teaching. 

2.  The  remaining  credit  may  be  offered  in  general  academic  and 
professional  work. 

Special  Certificate,  Class  C.  Applicants  must  present  credits  for  at  least 
60  semester  hours  of  standard  college  work,  distributed  approximately  as 
follows: 

1.  Thirty  or  more  semester  hours  in  the  special  subject  in  which 
certificate  is  desired  and  in  such  subjects  as  are  strictly  supplementary 
thereto. 

2.  The  remaining  credit  may  be  offered  in  general  academic  and 
professional  work,  six  of  which  shall  be  in  methods  of  instruction  in 
the  special  subject  or  subjects,  including  practice  teaching. 

Requirements  for  Renewal.  The  Special  Certificate  of  either  class  will 
be  renewed  for  a  period  of  five  years  upon  satisfactory  evidence  of  credits 
for  one  summer  school  or  the  equivalent  academic  credits  specializing  in 
subject  named  in  the  certificate. 


18  Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates 

(b)  Relative  Yalue  of  Special  Certificates  in  Terms  of  High  School, 
Grammar  Grade  and  Primary  Certificates 

Many  teachers  secure  sufficient  credits  for  a  special  certificate,  but  de- 
sire afterward  to  convert  the  same  into  a  High  School,  Grammar  Grade  or 
Primary  Certificate.  The  following  rule  will  be  observed  in  evaluating  the 
Special  Certificates: 

1.  A  graduate  of  standard  college  receiving  the  specialized  degree 
and  presenting  as  much  as  60  semester  hours  of  regular  academic 
work,  including  the  required  18  semester  hours  of  professional  train- 
ing for  either  the  Primary,  Grammar  Grade  or  High  School  Certificate, 
may  convert  the  special  certificate  into  Class  A  Primary,  Grammar 
Grade  or  High  School  Certificate. 

2.  A  graduate  of  standard  college  receiving  the  specialized  degree 
but  not  having  60  semester  hours  of  regular  academic  and  professional 
credits,  but  presenting  the  required  18  semester  hours  professional 
training  for  the  Primary,  Grammar  Grade  or  High  School  Certificate 
in  Class  A,  may  be  issued  the  certificate  of  Class  B. 

3.  Graduates  of  a  standard  college  receiving  the  specialized  degree 
and  having  60  semester  hours  of  regular  academic  work,  but  without 
the  required  professional  training  for  a  Class  A  Certificate,  may  re- 
ceive the  Primary,  Grammar  Grade  or  High  School  Certificate,  Class  B. 

4.  Graduates  of  standard  colleges  receiving  the  specialized  degrees 
without  60  semester  hours  of  regular  academic  credits  and  without 
the  required  professional  training,  may  receive  the  Primary  or  Gram- 
mar Grade  or  High  School  Certificate,  Class  C. 

(c)  Certificates  for  Supervisors  and  Teachers  of  Adult  Illiterates 

Certificates  for  supervisors  of  schools  for  adult  illiterates  must  conform 
to  the  rules  and  regulations  concerning  all  supervisors'  certificates.  How- 
ever, upon  the  recommendation  of  the  State  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction,  special  fitness  for  the  work  may  be  accepted  in  lieu  of  certain 
academic  and  professional  requirements. 

Certificates  for  whole-time  teachers  of  adult  illiterates  shall  conform  to 
the  rules  and  regulations  concerning  all  teachers.  However,  upon  the 
recommendation  of  the  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  special 
fitness  for  the  work  may  be  accepted  in  lieu  of  certain  academic  and  pro- 
fessional requirements. 

Sec.   IX,     RAISI1VG   A   TEACHER'S    CERTIFICATE    OF   CLASS   A   TO   A 
HIGHER  CERTIFICATE 

A  teacher  holding  a  Primary,  Grammar  Grade  or  High  School  Certificate 
of  Class  A  and  desiring  to  raise  the  same  to  a  higher  certificate  should 
pursue  the  program  of  courses  outlined  below.  Credits  for  these  courses 
must  be  secured  in  a  college  of  A  grade  or  in  institutions  especially  ap- 
proved to  offer  these  courses. 


Kegulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates  19 

(a)  Professional  work  suggested  to  raise  a  Primary  A  or  Grammar 
Grade  A  to  a  Supervisor's  Certificate  or  Elementary  School  Principal's 
Certificate — 

2  S.  Hrs.  Elementary    School    Organization 

2  S.  Hrs.  Supervision  of  Elementary  Instruction 

2  S.  Hrs.  Educational  Tests  and  Measurements 

(b)  Professional  work  suggested  to  raise  a  Primary  A  or  Grammar 
Grade  A  to  a  Superintendent's  Certificate-^ 

2  S.  Hrs.  High  School  Administration 

2  S.  Hrs.  Public  School  Organization — Rural  or  City 

2  S.  Hrs.  Educational  Statistics  of  Finance 

6  S.  Hrs.  Elective  in  School  Administration 

(c)  Professional  work  suggested  to  raise  a  High  School  Teacher's 
Certificate,  Class  A,  to  a  High  School  Principal's  Certificate— 

2  S.  Hrs.  High  School  Organization 

2  S.  Hrs.  High  School  and  Elementary  School  Curriculum 

2  S.  Hrs.  Elective  in  School  Administration 


(d)    Professional  work   suggested  to   raise   a  High  School  Teacher's 
Certificate,  Class  A,  to  a  Superintendent's  Certificate — 
2  S.  Hrs.  Public  School  Organization 
2  S.  Hrs.  Educational  Statistics  or  Finance 
2  S.  Hrs.  Educational   Measurements 
6  S.  Hrs.  Elective — Public  School  Administration 


(e)    Professional   work   suggested  to   raise   a   High   School   Teacher's 
Certificate,  Class  A,  to  a  Supervisor's  Certificate — 

2  S.  Hrs.  Elementary  School  Organization 
2  S.  Hrs.  Supervision  of  Elementary  Instruction 
2  S.  Hrs.  Educational  Tests  and  Measurements 
6  S.  Hrs.  Elective — Elementary  Education 


Sec.  X.     SUGGESTED   COURSES  FOR  APPLICANTS 

Students  in  colleges  or  in  approved  summer  schools  desiring  to  secure 
certificates  are  referred  to  the  group  of  subjects  listed  below.  For  exam- 
ple, applicants  for  High  School  Teacher's  Certificate  of  Class  A  desiring  to 
teach  English  and  Latin  might  select  the  academic  and  professional  courses 
as  outlined  below.  However,  this  group  and  the  other  groups  of  courses 
outlined  are  not  compulsory,  but  only  a  guide  to  departments  of  education 
as  well  as  applicants. 


20  Regulations  Governing  Teachers"  Certificates 

(a)  Applicants  for  High  School  Teachers'  Certificates,  Class  A 

I.    For  those  desiring  to  teach  English  and  Latin: 
Academic  Courses — 

English    24  S.  Hrs. 

Latin    18  S.  Hrs. 

Modern   Language   12  S.  Hrs. 

Psychology     3  S.  Hrs. 

Elective     45  S.  Hrs. 

Total   Academic   102  S.  Hrs. 

Professional   Courses — 

I.  Educational  Psychology  3  S.  Hrs. 

II.  Principles   of  Secondary  Education 3  S.  Hrs. 

III.  H.  S.  Methods— English  and  Latin........  3  S.  Hrs. 

IV.  Class   Management   3  S.  Hrs. 

V.  History   of  Education   3  S.  Hrs. 

VI.  Observation   and   Practice   3  S.  Hrs. 

Total    Professional    18  S.  Hrs. 


Grand  Total  120  S.  Hrs. 

Professional  Electives 

For  Course  I  above: 

a.  Adolescent  Psychology  3  S.  Hrs. 

b.  Child  Psychology  3  S.  Hrs. 

For  Courses  IV  and  V  above: 

a.  Educational    Sociology    3  S.  Hrs. 

b.  Tests    and    Measurements    3  S.  Hrs. 

c.  High  School  Curriculum  3  S.  Hrs. 

d.  High   School  Administration   3  S.  Hrs. 

Any  one  of  these  electives  may  be  substituted  for  either  Course  IV  or  V. 
Any  two  of  these  for  both  courses. 

I.   For  those  desiring  to  teach  Science: 
Academic  Preparation — 

English    12  S.  Hrs. 

Physics    12  S.  Hrs. 

Chemistry   12  S.  Hrs. 

Biology    12  S.  Hrs. 

Additional    Science    6  S.  Hrs. 

Psychology  3  S.  Hrs. 

Elective   45  S.  Hrs. 

Total   Academic   102  S.  Hrs. 


Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates  21 

Professional  Preparation — 

I.  Educational  Psychology  3  S.  Hrs. 

II.  Principles  of  Secondary  Education 3  S.  Hrs. 

III.  High    School    Methods— Science 3  S.  Hrs. 

IV.  Class  Management 3  S.  Hrs. 

V.  History   of  Education   3  S.  Hrs. 

VI.  Observation  and  Practice  (Science) 3  S.  Hrs. 

Total    Professional    18  S.  Hrs. 


Grand  Total  120  S.  Hrs. 

Professional  Electiyes 

For  Course  I  above: 

Adolescent    Psychology   3  S.  Hrs. 

For  Courses  IV  and  V  above: 

a.  Educational  Tests  and  Measurements 3  S.  Hrs. 

b.  High    School    Curriculum   3  S.  Hrs. 

c.  High  School  Administration  3  S.  Hrs. 

d.  Educational    Sociology   3  S.  Hrs. 

Any  one  of  these  electives  may  be  substituted  for  either  Course  IV  or  V. 
Any  two  of  these  electives  may  be  substituted  for  both  Courses  IV  and  V. 

Note.  A  High  School  Teacher's  Certificate,  Class  A,  should  show  special  preparation 
in  at  least  two  academic  subjects,  and  Professional  Courses  III  and  VI  should  be  made  to 
correspond  with  the  two  academic  teaching  subjects. 

Note.  All  courses  may  be  changed  from  three  semester  courses  to  two  semester  courses, 
provided  enough  is  added  from  the  elective  group  to  make  the  total  eighteen. 

(b)   Applicants  for  Grammar  Grade  Teachers'  Certificates,  Class  A 

I.   Academic  Courses: 

English ; " 

History 

Biological  Sciences -  >  ' 

Social  Sciences 

Electives 

Psychology   3  S.  Hrs. 


Total     90  S.  Hrs. 

II.    Academic  Courses  related  to  Grammar  Grade  Curriculum: 

English  Grammar  and  Composition 3  S.  Hrs. 

Public   School   Music   3  S.  Hrs. 

Children's   Literature   3  S.  Hrs. 

Geography,  or  History,  or  Science,  etc 3  S.  Hrs. 


Total  12  S.  Hrs. 


22  Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates 

III.    Professional  Courses: 

I.  Educational  Psychology  3  S.  Hrs. 

II.  Principles  of  Elementary  Education....     3  S.  Hrs. 

III.  Special  Grammar  Grade  Methods   (in- 

cluding three  or  more  subjects  from 
Reading,  Language,  Geography, 
Arithmetic,  History)   3  S.  Hrs. 

IV.  Class   Management   3  S.  Hrs. 

V.  History   of  Education   3  S.  Hrs. 

VI.  Observation  and  Practice   (at  least  18 

lessons  actual  teaching)   3  S.  Hrs. 

Total     18  S.  Hrs. 

Grand  Total  120  S.  Hrs. 

Professional  Electives 

For  Professional  Course  I: 

Child  Psychology  3  S.  Hrs. 

For  Professional  Courses  IV  and  V: 

a.  Educational   Sociology    3  S.  Hrs. 

b.  Tests  and   Measurements   3  S.  Hrs. 

c.  Child   Study   3  S.  Hrs. 

Any  one  of  these  electives  may  be  substituted  for  either  Course  IV  or  V. 
Any  two  of  these  electives  may  be  substituted  for  both  IV  and  V. 
All  courses  may  be  changed  to  two  semester  courses,  provided  enough  is 
added  from  the  elective  group  to  bring  the  total  up  to  18. 

(c)   Applicants  for  Primary  Teachers'  Certificates,  Class  A 

I.  Academic  Courses: 

Psychology 3  S.  Hrs. 

English 

Biological  Sciences t  87  S.  Hrs. 

Social  Sciences 

Electives 

Total     : 90  S.  Hrs. 

II.  Academic  Courses  Related  to  the  Primary  Curriculum: 

Public   School   Music   3  S.  Hrs. 

Children's   Literature   3  S.  Hrs. 

Writing  and  Drawing  3  S.  Hrs. 

Language  and  Composition  3  S.  Hrs. 

Total     12  S.  Hrs. 


Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates  23 

III.     Professional  Courses: 

I.  Educational   Psychology  3  S.  Hrs. 

II.  Principles  of  Elementary  Education....     3  S.  Hrs. 

III.  Special    Primary    Methods    (including 

Reading,    Phonics,    Language,    Num- 
bers,   etc.)    3  S.  Hrs. 

IV.  Class   Management   3  S.  Hrs. 

V.  History   of  Education   3  S.  Hrs. 

VI.  Observation  and  Practice  in  Primary 
Grades  (18  lessons  actual  teach- 
ing)          3  S.  Hrs. 

Total     18  S.  Hrs. 


Grand  Total  120  S.  Hrs 

Professional  Electives 

For  Professional  Course  I: 

a.  Child  Study  3  S.  Hrs. 

b.  Froebel's    Gifts    3  S.  Hrs. 

For  Professional  Courses  IV  and  V: 

a.  Educational    Sociology    3  S.  Hrs. 

b.  Tests  and  Measurements   3  S.  Hrs. 

c.  Child   Study   3  S.  Hrs. 

Any  one  of  these  electives  may  be  substituted  for  either  Courses  IV  or  V. 
Any  two  of  these  electives  may  be  substituted  for  both  Courses  IV  and  V. 
All  courses  may  be  changed  to  two  semester  courses,  provided  enough  is 
added  from  the  elective  group  to  make  the  total  18. 

Sec.  XI.     PEOFESSIOIVAL   CREDITS  ACCEPTED   FOR   ONE   YEAR'S 
TEACHING  EXPERIENCE 

Graduates  of  standard  colleges  who  present,  in  addition  to  the  eighteen 
semester  hours  of  required  professional  work,  six  semester  hours  credit  in 
observation  and  practice  teaching,  will  be  allowed  credit  for  one  year's 
teaching  experience.  For  the  High  School  Class  A  Certificate  this  practice 
teaching  must  have  been  done  in  a  high  school  that  is  under  the  direct 
supervision  of  the  institution;  for  the  Primary  or  Grammar  Grade  Class  A 
Certificate  the  practice  teaching  must  have  been  done  in  an  elementary 
school  that  is  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  institution. 


24  Regulations  Governing  Teachers'  Certificates 


Sec.  XII.    LAW  GOVERNING  THE  REVOCATION  OF  CERTIFICATES 

Sec.  161.  When  a  teacher  may  annul  a  contract.  The  teacher  may,  after 
entering  into  a  written  contract,  annul  the  contract  by  giving  the  superin- 
tendent a  written  notice  of  at  least  thirty  days,  and  the  superintendent 
shall  pay  for  the  full  time  the  teacher  has  taught,  provided  the  teacher  has 
taught  as  much  as  twenty  days.  But  if  the  teacher  breaks  the  contract 
without  giving  thirty  days  notice,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  superintendent 
to  report  the  name  of  the  teacher  to  the  State  Superintendent,  and  the 
certificate  held  may  either  be  revoked  or  reduced  to  the  next  lower  grade. 
And  no  other  superintendent  shall  employ  or  recommend  for  employment 
in  any  year  a  teacher  who  has  broken  his  or  her  contract  for  that  year. 
This  section  shall  apply  alike  to  principals  and  supervisors. 

Sec.  163.  How  teachers  may  be  dismissed.  The  school  committee  or 
board  of  trustees,  with  the  approval  of  the  superintendent,  may  dismiss  a 
teacher  for  immoral  or  disreputable  conduct  in  the  community,  or  for 
failure  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  contract.  The  superintendent, 
with  the  approval  of  the  committee  or  the  board  of  trustees,  has  authority, 
and  it  is  his  duty,  to  dismiss  a  teacher  who  may  prove  himself  or  herself 
incompetent,  or  may  willfully  refuse  to  discharge  the  duties  of  a  public 
school  teacher,  or  who  may  be  persistently  neglectful  of  such  duties. 
Every  teacher  dismissed  for  cause  shall  be  reported  by  the  superintendent 
to  the  State  Superintendent,  and  he  shall  have  authority  to  revoke  the 
certificate  and  debar  the  teacher  from  teaching  in  any  other  county. 


00034037603 

FOR  USE  ONLY  IN 
THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  COLLECTION 


Form  No.  A-368,  Rev.  8/95 


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